Albania Moves Toward Legalization of Medical Cannabis Cultivation

Albania is taking significant steps toward the legalization of medical cannabis cultivation, as announced by Prime Minister Edi Rama. During a recent conference with EU ambassador Luigi Soreca, Rama revealed that the Albanian government has been working with both local and international advisors for the past year to draft a new bill. This legislation is expected to be unveiled soon for public debate, alongside discussions on fiscal amnesty, indicating a broader reform agenda

Despite the proactive stance of the Albanian government, the European Union delegation in Albania has clarified its non-involvement in the cannabis legalization process. Following media inquiries, the EU delegation stated that it was not part of the preparation or consultation of the draft reports concerning the cultivation and legalization of medical cannabis in Albania. This clarification was echoed by opposition leader Monika Kryemadhi, who criticized Prime Minister Rama for allegedly misleading the public regarding EU involvement

Currently, Albania maintains strict laws against cannabis, with cultivation, possession beyond personal use, and transportation remaining illegal. Notably, Albania has been a significant transit point for drugs in Europe. In 2014, the Albanian police conducted a major operation in Lazarat, once known as Europe's drug capital, destroying 102 tons of cannabis and 530,000 plants, which were valued at €6.4 billion, a figure surpassing 60% of the country's GDP at the time

The proposal to legalize medical cannabis cultivation comes amid a backdrop of declining illegal cannabis cultivation in Albania. According to a report by the Guardia di Finanza, the number of identified plantations dropped significantly from 88 in 2017 to just 27. Additionally, there has been a marked decrease in the amount of cannabis seized in Italy, with an 81% reduction reported in one year, suggesting effective enforcement measures

Looking ahead, the Albanian government's initiative could potentially transform the country's role in the European cannabis market. However, challenges remain, particularly in ensuring that legalization does not inadvertently fuel illegal activities. The recent economic strains from the COVID-19 pandemic have also raised concerns about a possible resurgence in illicit cannabis cultivation, as noted by a report from the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy