New Endocannabinoid Discovered in Dolphins May Impact Human Health

A groundbreaking discovery has been made in the field of endocannabinoids, with researchers identifying a new molecule called pentadecanoylcarnitine (PDC) in dolphins. This molecule, synthesized from the dietary fatty acid C15:0, has shown potential in regulating inflammation, pain, mood, and sleep by interacting with CB1 and CB2 receptors, similar to known endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-AG

The study, published in Scientific Reports, highlights the nutritional significance of C15:0, found in fatty dairy products and certain fish, for its potential health benefits. Researchers observed that dolphins fed a diet rich in C15:0 experienced significant metabolic changes, including reduced insulin and cholesterol levels, as well as improved anemia symptoms

The research team further explored the biological activities of PDC by analyzing blood samples from dolphins on a modified fish diet. They discovered that PDC levels increased with higher C15:0 consumption, marking it as a key metabolite. Laboratory tests on human cell systems revealed PDC's dose-dependent anti-inflammatory properties, relevant to treating cardiovascular, immune, and other diseases

The study also examined PDC's molecular mechanisms, finding that it acts as a full agonist for CB1 and CB2 receptors, a trait it shares with only one other known endocannabinoid, 2-AG. This unique characteristic suggests that PDC could play a crucial role in the endocannabinoid system, which is vital for maintaining physiological balance

Despite these promising findings, the researchers call for more studies to understand the links between C15:0 deficiency and rising global health issues such as allergies, mental disorders, and sleep disturbances. As the consumption of whole milk declines, understanding the nutritional value of C15:0 and its derivatives like PDC becomes increasingly important